SSC CGL Quiz -Test

SSC CGL QUIZ-Test

General knowledge Test Quiz

BIRSA MUNDA - THE TRIBAL FREEDOM FIGHTER

             Birsa Munda, or popularly known as Bhagwan Birsa Munda, is one of the most recognized tribal heroes of the Indian freedom struggle. He was born in 1875 in present-day Jharkhand and grew up in a time of suffering for the tribal communities during British colonial rule. Birsa Munda embodied the ideas of courage and leadership and became a figure of strife and possibility, inspiring millions of people. To this day, he is recognized across the nation for his life and contributions.

Birsa Munda - A Freedom Fighter with a Citizenship Vision

             Birsa Munda became known for being a fearless freedom fighter who led a robust movement against the inhuman policies of British rule and the exploitation of tribals by rich landlords or missionaries. He firmly challenged the loss of tribal land and culture. His vision was never just about political freedom, but land and dignity for tribal people, together with respect for their cultural and citizenship rights. For the Adivasi community, he was not only a leader but also a spiritual leader; hence, people call him Bhagwan Birsa Munda.

The Ulgulam Movement

              One of the great and positive events of his life was the Ulgulam Movement, also called" The Great Tumult". In this movement, Birsa Munda tribal leader, was able to organize thousands of tribals to collectively oppose the British. The Ulgulam Movement was more than a rebellion; it was a social and cultural awakening. It gave tribals a sense of pride in their traditions and the courage to stand against injustice.

Birsa Munda Biography and Legacy

        According to history, Birsa Munda's biography reflects his struggle against both social evils and colonial rule. Despite living only for 25 years, his contribution was extraordinary. His leadership forced the British government to introduce new laws protecting tribal land rights. Today, his name lives on in schools, stadiums, universities, and even an international airport in Ranchi, named after him.

   The biography of Birsa Munda also highlighted his deep spiritual influence. He inspired people to believe in their strength and created a path for the future tribal rights movement in India. Even though he died young, his legacy as a freedom fighter continues to shine.

Conclusion 

The life of Bhagwan Birsa Munda reminds us that true leaders are not measured by age but by their vision and sacrifice. As a tribal leader, he stood for equality, dignity and justice. The Ulgulam movement, led by him, became a milestone in India's history, showing the power of unity against oppression. When we read the Birsa Munda biography, we understand that he was more than just a revolutionary - he beacon of hope for tribals and a true hero of India 

ULGULAM MOVEMENT

                The word Ulgulam in the Munda tribal language means " Great Tumult" or " Revolution,". It was the historic tribal uprising led by Birsa Munda between 1899 and 1900 in the Chotanagpur region, now part of Jharkhand.

Causes of Ulgulam Movement :

The main reasons that gave birth to this movement were :

1. British exploitation - The colonial government imposed heavy taxes on tribal lands and disrupted traditional community ownership.

2. Loss of Tribal Land - Outsiders like zamindars, moneylanders, and missionaries began seizing Adivasi land, making tribals laborers on their own soil.

3. Cultural suppression- Missionaries tried to convert tribals, which threatened their culture and traditional religious practices.

4. Oppression of Adivasis- Exploitation through bonded labor, unfair rent systems, and police brutality created deep resentment.

Leadership of Birsha Munda :

           Birsa Munda, the tribal leader, emerged as the voice of resistance. He motivated the Munda community with a vision of freedom, equality, and a return to their traditional faith. He was revered as a divine figure, which gave his movement spiritual strength.

Nature of the Movement

1. The Ulgulam movement was both political and religious.

2. Birsha called for ending British rule and restoring the "Munda Raj" (self-rule)

3. He encouraged tribals to refuse forced labor, stop paying unjust taxes, and unite against landlords and the British.

4. Armed clashes took place between the tribals and British forces

Impact of the Ulgulam Movement :

 Although Birsa Munda was captured in 1900 and died in British custody at just 25 years old, his movement had a long-lasting effect.

1. The British introduced the Chotanagpur Tenancy Act (1908), which restricted the transfer of tribal land to non-tribals.

2.It revived tribal pride, identity and unity against exploitation. colonialism in eastern India. 

3. The revolt established Birsa as Bhagwan Birsa Munda, a freedom fighter remembered for his sacrifice.

Legacy of Ulgulam :

The Ulgulam movement is considered the first major tribal revolt against British colonialism in eastern India.

It symbolized the fight for land, culture, and freedom. Even today, tribals in Jharkhand and across India celebrate Birsa Munda Jayanti to honor his vision and courage.

NATO

 The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation is a military coalition known as NATO. It is one of the most powerful military alliances around. Formed in 1949, NATO was founded to promote collective defence to help foster peace among member states. The organisation still plays a central role in discussions of global security. 

What is NATO?

NATO is a political and military coalition in which an attack on one member state is considered an attack on all member states. This principle is articulated in Article 5 of the NATO treaty, which is the foundation of the alliance. 

NATO member countries

Currently, over 30 NATO countries are cooperating to promote peace globally. The membership process requires candidate states to meet rigorous political, economic, and defence standards. Candidate states will receive benefits from being part of the NATO accord; however, there are also obligations, such as defence spending and obligations to participate in partnerships. 

What are NATO's missions?

NATO's mission is to provide security, prevent war and overall promote stability. NATO conducts regular military exercises, and NATO operations are conducted regularly to prepare NATO forces for the threats of the real world. This is to show NATO can still fulfil its defence strategy.

                      

Big Bang Theory- Scientific Facts

               Have you ever wondered how the universe actually began? The Big Bang Theory is one of the most accepted explanations regarding the universe. According to this theory, around 13.8 billion years ago,whatever we know today, matter, energy, space, and even time itself, started from  one imaginably hot and dense point called a singularity. From that single event, the universe  began to expand, and it's still expanding today. By examining the scientific facts of the Big Bang Theory, we can gain a deeper understanding not only of the universe but also of our place within this grand narrative. 

          One of the strongest clues that the Big Bang Theory is real comes from something called Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR). Think of it as the faint "afterglow" of the universe's birth. Satellites like COBE and WMAP have detected this radiation, and it matches perfectly with what scientists predicted. This gives us solid proof that the universe did once exist in a hot, dense state.

        Another amazing discovery was made by Edwin Hubble, who found that galaxies are moving away from each other. This led to the idea of the expansion of the universe theory. Imagine blowing up a balloon-the surface keeps stretching out, and so do the galaxies in space. The speed of this expansion, called the Hubble Constant, helps scientists measure both the age and size of the universe.

      The scientific facts of The Big Bang Theory don't stop with just minutes of the Big Bang; a process called Nucleosynthesis created the first elements - hydrogen and helium. When astronomers examine stars and galaxies today, the proportions of these elements match exactly what the theory predicted billions of years ago. That kind of accuracy is hard to ignore.

       Big  Bang Theory astronomy also focuses on how the universe built itself over time. Gravity pulled clouds of gas together to form the very first stars and galaxies. By studying distant galaxies, scientists are essentially looking back in time, catching glimpses of the early universe, and confirming more scientific facts of the Big Bang Theory.

        It doesn't stop at stars and galaxies either. Big Bang Theory and physics dive deeper into mysteries like dark matter, dark energy, and the fundamental forces shaping cosmic evolution. When we look at the timeline of the Big Bang Theory, we see key moments such as inflation, nucleosynthesis, recombination, and the birth of galaxies. This timeline is like a roadmap of how everything came to be.

       Over the years, countless Big Bang Theory discoveries have changed the way we understand space. From the proof of the universe's expansion to detecting CMBR, each discovery adds another piece to the puzzle. Ongoing Big Bang Theory research and studies continue to reveal more about our origins. Using advanced telescopes and even particle physics experiments here on Earth.

      In the end, the Big Bang Theory scientific facts give us more  than just science - they give us perspective. From Edwin Hubble's Big Bang Theory observations to the evidence of the universe's expansion, every fact  tells us that the cosmos has a history, and we're part of it.