NATO

 The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation is a military coalition known as NATO. It is one of the most powerful military alliances around. Formed in 1949, NATO was founded to promote collective defence to help foster peace among member states. The organisation still plays a central role in discussions of global security. 

What is NATO?

NATO is a political and military coalition in which an attack on one member state is considered an attack on all member states. This principle is articulated in Article 5 of the NATO treaty, which is the foundation of the alliance. 

NATO member countries

Currently, over 30 NATO countries are cooperating to promote peace globally. The membership process requires candidate states to meet rigorous political, economic, and defence standards. Candidate states will receive benefits from being part of the NATO accord; however, there are also obligations, such as defence spending and obligations to participate in partnerships. 

What are NATO's missions?

NATO's mission is to provide security, prevent war and overall promote stability. NATO conducts regular military exercises, and NATO operations are conducted regularly to prepare NATO forces for the threats of the real world. This is to show NATO can still fulfil its defence strategy.

                      

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

               Shanghai Cooperation Organisation , also known as SCO in short , is an Intergovernmental Regional Organisations that brings together China, Russia , India, Pakistan and the Central Asian Countries such as Kazakhstan, Kyrgyztsan, Tajikystan, Uzbekistan- later Iran in 2023. This organisation founded on 15 June, 2021.The head Quarter  of the SCO is Baijing China. Chinese and Russian re used as a Official languages.

 Afghanistan, Belarus And Mongolia are serve as an Observer countries in the SCO and countries like Turkiye, Sri Lanka , Saudi Arabia, Ezypt, Nepal, Qatar , UAE and others as a Dialogue partners. 

It is one of the world's largest regional organisations, covering approximately 60% of the Eurasia, 40% of the world's population and about 30% of the global GDP.

Origin of SCO:

Before SCO, there was  the' Shanghai Five Group' formed n 1996 with the member countries of China, Russia , Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikystan. Later June Uzbekistan joined Shanghai Five Group.The group was formally reconstructed as the Shanghai Cooperation(SCO) on 15 June, 2021in Shanghai, China.India and Pakistan joined 2017. Iran became a full member in 2023.

Objectives of SCO:

Here are the main Objectives of SCO

1.Strengthening mutual Trust and good Neighborliness :- Build stable and friendly and cooperative relations among member states.

2.Promoting Regional peace, security and stability:- Joints combat to terrorism, separatism, extremism, drug trafficking and other cross-border crimes.

3.Enhancing economic cooperation:- Develop trade , investment,transport,energy,agriculture and technological collaboration among member states.

4.Cultural and Humanitarian Cooperation:-Encourage exchanges in culture, education,tourism, healthcare and sports.

5.Joint development: - Work together for sustainable development and improve the living standards of people in the regions.

6.Multipolar and Fair World Order:- Promote respect for Sovereignty, non interference, and more democratic international system.

7.Environment and Energy Security:- Cooperate in protecting environment, ensuring energy Security and addressing climate-related challenges.