MESOTHELIOMA DISEASE

              Mesothelioma disease is a kind of cancer that grows in the Mesothelium (thin membrane of the organs) the protective lining that covers the organs like the lungs , abdomen, heart and testes.

Types of Mesothelioma  :

 1. Pleural Mesothelioma : Pleural Mesothelioma is a most common among all types of Mesothelioma that found in the Pleura , lining around the lungs , and chest cavity.

Causes : Inhaled  asbestos fibers get trapped in the lung lining.

Symptoms :

   a. Chest pain 

   b. Shortness of breath

   c. Persistent  cough

   d. Fluid buildup in lung

Treatment:

   a. Surgery

  b. Chemotherapy

 c. Radiation

 d. Immunotherapy

2. Peritoneal Mesothelioma :

   Peritoneal Mesothelioma is a second most common Mesothelioma which is found in Peritoneum ,lining of the abdomen.

Causes : Swallowed asbestos fibers can settle in the abdominal lining.

Symptoms :

   a.  Abdominal pain and swelling

   b. Weight loss

   c. Nausea, digestive problems

   d. Fluid buildup in the abdomen  (ascites)

Treatment : Cytoreductive surgery  plus heated chemotherapy is often used

3. Pericardial Mesothelioma :

   This kind of Mesothelioma is very rare which is found in the lining of around the heart.

Causes  : exact process is unclear  but asbestos fibers may migrate  to heart lining .

Symptoms :

   a. Chest pain 

   b. Irregular heartbeat

   c. Shortness of breath

   d. Fluid buildup around the heart

Treatment : Often difficult to treat , surgery and palliative care  are most common.

4 .Testicular Mesothelioma :  Testicular Mesothelioma is extremely rare, found in the Tunica Vaginalis , in the lining around testes .

Symptoms :

   a. Swelling in the scrotum

   b. Lumps or masses in the testes 

Treatment : Orchiectomy  surgery and sometimes  chemotherapy .

   

  

  

 

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

               Shanghai Cooperation Organisation , also known as SCO in short , is an Intergovernmental Regional Organisations that brings together China, Russia , India, Pakistan and the Central Asian Countries such as Kazakhstan, Kyrgyztsan, Tajikystan, Uzbekistan- later Iran in 2023. This organisation founded on 15 June, 2021.The head Quarter  of the SCO is Baijing China. Chinese and Russian re used as a Official languages.

 Afghanistan, Belarus And Mongolia are serve as an Observer countries in the SCO and countries like Turkiye, Sri Lanka , Saudi Arabia, Ezypt, Nepal, Qatar , UAE and others as a Dialogue partners. 

It is one of the world's largest regional organisations, covering approximately 60% of the Eurasia, 40% of the world's population and about 30% of the global GDP.

Origin of SCO:

Before SCO, there was  the' Shanghai Five Group' formed n 1996 with the member countries of China, Russia , Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikystan. Later June Uzbekistan joined Shanghai Five Group.The group was formally reconstructed as the Shanghai Cooperation(SCO) on 15 June, 2021in Shanghai, China.India and Pakistan joined 2017. Iran became a full member in 2023.

Objectives of SCO:

Here are the main Objectives of SCO

1.Strengthening mutual Trust and good Neighborliness :- Build stable and friendly and cooperative relations among member states.

2.Promoting Regional peace, security and stability:- Joints combat to terrorism, separatism, extremism, drug trafficking and other cross-border crimes.

3.Enhancing economic cooperation:- Develop trade , investment,transport,energy,agriculture and technological collaboration among member states.

4.Cultural and Humanitarian Cooperation:-Encourage exchanges in culture, education,tourism, healthcare and sports.

5.Joint development: - Work together for sustainable development and improve the living standards of people in the regions.

6.Multipolar and Fair World Order:- Promote respect for Sovereignty, non interference, and more democratic international system.

7.Environment and Energy Security:- Cooperate in protecting environment, ensuring energy Security and addressing climate-related challenges. 

List of countries, Capitals and currencies of Asia Continent

 Countries             Capitals          Currencies

         A

1.Afghanistan           Kabul                  Afghani

2.Armenia                 Yerevan               Dram

3.Azerbaijan              Baku                   Manat

        B

4.Bahrain                   Manama           dinar

5.Bangladesh             Dhaka                Taka

6.Bhutan                   Thimphu          Ngultrum

7.Brunei                   Bandar Seri        Brunei

                                   Begawan             dollar

       C

8.China                       Beijing            Renminbi,

                                                                Yuan

9.Cambodia                Phnom penh       Riela

10.Cyprus                   Nicosia                  Euro

        G

11.Georgia                  Tbilisi                   Lari

        I

12.India                       New Delhi           Rupee

13.Indonesia               Jakarta                Rupiah

14.Iran                        Tehran                   Rial

15.Iraq                        Baghdad             dinar

16.Israel                     Jerusalem           shekel
        J

17.Japan                     Tokyo                   Yen

18.Jordan                   Amman               dinar
        K

19.Kazakhstan           Astana                 Tenge

20.Kuwait                  Kuwait                 dinar                                                                    

21.Kyrgyzstan            Bishkek                 Som
       L       

24.Laos                      Vientiane                Kip

25.Lebanon                Beirut                  pound
      M  

26.Malaysia              KualaLumpur      Ringgit

27.Maldives                Male                    rufiyaa

28.Mongolia             Ulaanbaatar        Togrog

29.Myanmar               Naypyidaw           Kyat
      N

30.Nepal                 Kathmandu          Rupee                                                           

31.North Korea        Pyongyang          Won

32.Onam                    Muscat                  Rial
     P

33.Pakistan              Islamabad           Rupee                                                                

34.Philippines             Manila              peso
     Q

35.Qatar                      Doha                      Riyal
      S

36.Saudi Arabia          Riyadh                  Riyal

37.Singapore               Singapore            dollar

38.South Korea           Seoul                     won               

39.Sri Lanka              Sri Jayawar -      Rupee                                       

40.State of                  East Jerusalem   pound      

41.Syria                        Damascus           pound
     T

42.Tajikistan                Dushanbe         Somoni

43.Timor-Leste             Dili                      dollar

44.Turkmenistan           Ashgabat         manat

45.Turkey                      Ankara                lira
     U

46.Uzbekistan               Tashkent              Som

47.United Arab              Abu Dhabi     dirham
     Emirates
     Y

48.Yemen                        Sana'a                    rial